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On March 13, 1956, ninety-nine members of the United States Congress promulgated the Declaration of Constitutional Principles, popularly known as the Southern Manifesto. Reprinted here, the Southern Manifesto formally stated opposition to the landmark United State Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education, and the emergent civil rights movement. This statement allowed the white South to prevent Brown’s immediate full-scale implementation and, for nearly two decades, set the slothful timetable and glacial pace of public school desegregation. The Southern Manifesto also provided the Southern Congressional Delegation with the means to stymie federal voting rights legislation, so that the dismantling of Jim Crow could be managed largely on white southern terms.
In the wake of the Brown decision that declared public school segregation unconstitutional, seminal events in the early stages of the civil rights movement―like the Emmett Till lynching, the Montgomery bus boycott, and the Autherine Lucy riots at the University of Alabama brought the struggle for black freedom to national attention. Orchestrated by United States Senator Richard Brevard Russell Jr. of Georgia, the Southern Congressional Delegation in general, and the United States Senate’s Southern Caucus in particular, fought vigorously and successfully to counter the initial successes of civil rights workers and maintain Jim Crow. The South’s defense of white supremacy culminated with this most notorious statement of opposition to desegregation. The Southern Manifesto: Massive Resistance and the Fight to Preserve Segregation narrates this single worst episode of racial demagoguery in modern American political history and considers the statement’s impact upon both the struggle for black freedom and the larger racial dynamics of postwar America.
- Sales Rank: #2437712 in Books
- Published on: 2015-08-27
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x .57" w x 5.98" l, .80 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 250 pages
Review
“The creation and promulgation of the Declaration of Constitutional Principles―more commonly known as the Southern Manifesto―is a key turning point in twentieth-century American political and social history, and yet it is only now that we have a book detailing it. John Kyle Day has provided us a compelling and significant look at the document that more than any other propelled the movement for massive resistance among southern whites in the civil rights era. The Southern Manifesto, Day shows in a clear and concise fashion, provided not only an underpinning for legal opposition to the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board decision, it also energized southern whites at the grassroots level to suppress civil rights advances, effectively killed racially moderate politics in the South, and substantially reshaped politics on a national level.”
―Michael S. Martin, author of Russell Long: A Life in Politics
“The Southern Manifesto has usually been mentioned in passing rather than studied in depth. John Kyle Day’s splendid book guarantees that it will not be overlooked in future examinations of the mid-twentieth century South. His delineation of the different types of segregationists is penetrating and illuminating; his description of the political pressures on them from constituents is comprehensive and sensitive. Particularly intriguing is his discovery that Southern Democrats in Congress were deeply apprehensive that Brown v. Board of Education would give the Republican Party a wedge issue it could use to break up the Solid South. The Southern Manifesto was an effort to preserve the Democratic Party and their offices as much as a defense of segregation. What Day has accomplished is a classic study of how ordinary politicians struggle to deal with extraordinary, revolutionary moments in history.”
―John Bullion, author of Lyndon B. Johnson and the Transformation of American Politics
“Day not only details the various forces that were essential to the Manifesto’s creation, but he also looks to its impact in terms of southern and, indeed, national politics. Day shows the extent to which neither southern segregationist resistance nor the civil rights movement worked or developed in isolation from one another, but they acted and reacted in ways that had profound effects on their opponents’ strategies and ideologies.”
―George Lewis, University of Leicester
About the Author
John Kyle Day, Monticello, Arkansas, is associate professor of history at the University of Arkansas at Monticello.
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
The segregationist platform; was it racism or states' rights?
By B. Wolinsky
This 1956 tome on segregation reminds me of Strom Thurmond, portrayed in the book Step by Step as a supporter of a cause that he knew was a failure. The die-hard segregationists knew they were fighting a losing battle, but they stuck by it with typical rebel tenacity. They knew Jim Crow was doomed, but still they wouldn’t budge, even as their platform was collapsing. This book raises the question, not of the racism, but how much of it had to do with southern politicians trying to preserve their sovereignty.
Nobody’s sure who wrote the Southern Manifesto, but that’s not the point. This book gives background information on the document and the people that abided by it as the Civil Rights movement was changing the county. Jim Crow was a doctrine, not a law, so whatever racists laws existed in the South were based on norms and mores. After World War II, segregation began to ebb, as Black troops returned from the war and wouldn’t put up with it. In the industrial cities of New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, and Detroit, Black workers were joining the unions in record numbers, not so much out of equality, but to keep them from becoming strike breakers. Then came increased enrollment of Black army veterans under the GI Bill, and when segregation kept them out, they fought back. Almost all of the changes occurred through peaceful protests, not laws. Brown versus the Topeka BOE was a ruling, it couldn’t change the law. Changing the laws were the result of protests.
Senators Oliver Eastland (Mississippi) and Strom Thurmon (South Carolina) both saw the Brown decision as an intrusion on states’ rights. Even if they had no founded objection to Black and White children attending the same schools, their typical southern sense of honor drove them to fight it right down to the last filibuster. At the same time, they were wary of the bad publicity from the Emmet Till murder.
The issue of whether the anti-integration effort was a result of racism or southern stubbornness will no doubt occupy scholars time for years to come.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By jojo
Fine product and quick delivery
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